Monoclonal Antibody to Glypican-3 (GPC3) (Hepatocellular Carcinoma Marker)(1G12 + GPC3/863)

Glypican-3 (GPC3) is an integral membrane protein that is mutated in the Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome (SGBS). SGBS is characterized by pre- and post-natal overgrowth and is a recessive X-linked condition. GPC3 may also be found in a secreted form. Anti-GPC3 has been identified as a useful tumor marker for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), hepatoblastoma, melanoma, testicular germ cell tumors, and Wilm s tumor. In patients with HCC, GPC3 is overexpressed in neoplastic liver tissue and elevated in serum, but is undetectable in normal liver, benign liver, and the serum of healthy donors. GPC3 expression is also found to be higher in HCC liver tissue than in cirrhotic liver or liver with focal lesions such as dysplastic nodules and areas of hepatic adenoma (HA) with malignant transformation. In the context of testicular germ cell tumors, GPC3 expression is up regulated in certain histologic subtypes, specifically yolk sac tumors and choriocarcinoma. A high level of GPC3 expression has also been found in some types of embryonal tumors, such as Wilm s tumor and hepatoblastoma, with a low or undetectable expression in normal adjacent tissue. In patients with thyroid cancer, expression of GPC3 is dramatically enhanced in certain types of cancers: 100% in follicular carcinoma and 70% in papillary carcinoma. Expression of GPC3 in follicular carcinoma was significantly higher than that of follicular adenoma. In contrast, GPC 3 is not expressed in anaplastic carcinoma.

Flow Cytometry (1-2ug/million cells); Immunofluorescence (1-2ug/ml); Immunohistochemistry (Formalin-fixed) (1-2ug/ml for 30 minutes at RT)(Staining of formalin-fixed tissues requires heating tissue sections in 1mM EDTA buffer, pH 7.5-8.5, for 45 min at 95°C followed by cooling at RT for 20 minutes)

For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic/therapeutics procedures.

Subcellular location:	Cell membrane
Post transnational modification:	Cleaved intracellularly by a furin-like convertase to generate 2 subunits, alpha and beta, which remain associated through disulfide bonds and are associated with the cell surface via the GPI-anchor (PubMed:14610063). This processing is essential for its role in inhibition of hedgehog signaling (PubMed:25653284). A second proteolytic event may result in cleavage of the protein on the cell surface, separating it from the GPI-anchor and leading to its shedding from the cell surface (PubMed:14610063).
Tissue Specificity:	Highly expressed in lung, liver and kidney.
BioGrid:	108983. 26 interactions.

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