Human Transforming Growth Factor-beta 1

Source: Genetically modified HEK 293 cells.
 Dimer, 12.8/25.6 kDa (112/224 aa)
Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-b1) is a member of the TGF-beta superfamily of cytokines. Members of this family exhibit regulatory activity in immunity, proliferation, adhesion, migration, and growth inhibition pathways. TGF-b1 signals through SMAD proteins via the TGF-bRI and TGF-bRII receptors. 

Endotoxin: Less than 0.1 ng/µg (1 IEU/µg) as determined by LAL test.
Biological Activity was determined by Inhibition of IL-4-induced HT-2 cell proliferation at <=500 pg/mL; >= 2.0 x 10^6 units/mg. Centrifuge vial before opening, Suspend the product by gently pipetting the above recommended solution down the sides of the vial. DO NOT VORTEX. Allow several minutes for complete reconstitution. For prolonged storage, dilute to working aliquots in a 0.1% BSA solution, store at -80°C and avoid repeat freeze thaws. Upon reconstitution, a small amount of visible precipitate can be expected. A 10% overfill has been added to the total material vialed to compensate for this loss.

For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic/therapeutics procedures.

Subcellular location:	Secreted
Post transnational modification:	Latency-associated peptide: N-glycosylated (PubMed:3162913, PubMed:2493139, PubMed:28117447). Deglycosylation leads to activation of Transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-beta-1); mechanisms triggering deglycosylation-driven activation of TGF-beta-1 are however unclear (PubMed:2493139).
Tissue Specificity:	Highly expressed in bone (PubMed:11746498, PubMed:17827158). Abundantly expressed in articular cartilage and chondrocytes and is increased in osteoarthritis (OA) (PubMed:11746498, PubMed:17827158). Colocalizes with ASPN in chondrocytes within OA lesions of articular cartilage (PubMed:17827158).
BioGrid:	112898. 225 interactions.

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